Geography Syllabus

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Geography ( Total Marks - 200 )
Paper I (Marks - 100)
PHYSICAL AND GENERAL GEOGRAPHY

1. Elements of Weather and Climate
   Insolation and Atmospheric Temperature. Global Radiation and Heat Balance. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds. Humidity and Precipitation. Air Masses. Fronts and Atmospheric Disturbances. Classification of Climate and Climatic Regions.
2. LandformsMajor landforms, Rocks : origin, formation and classification. Internal Structure of the Earth. Earth quakes and Volcancity. Weathering. Mass Wasting. Erosion and Deposition. Cycle of Erosion. Landforms produced by Underground and Ground Water. Wind and Glaciers.
3. OceansContinental Margins and the Sea Floor. Distribution of Temperature and Salinity. Movements of the Ocean Water: Waves. Currents and Tides.
4. Study of MapsTypes of maps: Topographical Maps, Aerial Photographs. Weather Maps. Map Projections: classification and choice of projections. Merits and Demerits of Cylindrical. Conical and Zenithal Projections. Diagrams. graphs and Distribution Maps based on Statistical Data.

Paper II (Marks - 100)
HUMAN ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

1. Human GeographyMan and his Habitat : Concepts of Environmentalism and Possibilism. World Population-distribution, structure and growth (natural increase and migration). World, Society and Culture: races, languages and religions. levels of education and welfare. Settlements-rural and urban. characteristics and problems of urban places. Population/Resource Regions.
2. Economic GeographyEconomic Activities : primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary Activity: agricultural systems subsistence, intensive, extensive, mechanized and mixed farming. Production. Distribution and Trade of Major Cereal and Non-Cereal Crops. Forests and Fisheries. Power Resources. Major Industries iron and steel, textiles and chemical industries. Politico-economic Relationship between the More Developed and Less Developed countries.
3. Regional Geography
   Economic and Social Roegions of the world. Regional Geography of South Asia with special reference to Pakistan under the following heads: Resource base (Human Physical and Economic)Transport. Trade and International Relations.

Suggested Readings

	Title	Author
1.	Physical Geography	Lake, P.
2.	Physical Geography	Strahler, A.N.
3.	An Introduction to Climate	Trewartha, G.T.
4.	An Introduction to Map work and Practical	Bygott J.
5.	Maps and Diagrams	Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R.
6.	Human Geography	Deblij, H.J.
7.	Human Geography	Bradford, M.G. & Kent, W.A.
8.	Population Geography	Jones, H.R.
9.	Population Geography	Clarke, J.I.
10.	Economic Geography	Pounds, N.
11.	South Asia	Jonson, B.L.C.
12.	An Introduction to South Asia	Farmer, B.H.
13.	A Geography of Pakistan	Kureshy, K.U.

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